LearnNeurosurgery.com
  • Index
    • 3 Column Model
    • ACh: Acetylcholine
    • Acute MS
    • Ia (A-alpha) Muscle Spindles
    • Ib (A-alpha) Golgi Tendon
    • II (A-beta) - touch, vibration, pressure
    • Acid-Base
    • Actinomyces
    • ABC: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
    • Acute Transverse Myelitis
    • Aldosterone
    • AA: Anaplastic Astrocytoma
    • Achondroplasia / Dysplastic Pedicle Syndrome
    • ACTH
    • Acute Phase Reactants
    • AD: Alzheimer's Disease
    • ADEM
    • ADH / Vasopressin
    • AEDs: Anti-Epileptic Drugs
    • AIDP / Guillain-Barre
    • Angiolipoma
    • Alcohol
    • Alexia without Agraphia
    • Alpha-2
    • AIP: Acute Intermittent Porphyria
    • ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
    • Altitudinal Retinal Defect
    • Amaurosis Fugax
    • Amyloid Angiopathy
    • Anemia
    • Anencephaly
    • Anesthetics
    • Angiogram Anatomy
    • ANS: Autonomic Nervous System
    • ANS Dysautonomia
    • Arachnoiditis
    • ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    • ARF: Acute Renal Failure
    • Carotid Artery Dissection
    • Agenesis of Corpus Callosum
    • Aneurysms - By Type
    • Ankylosing spondylitis
    • Aqueductal Stenosis
    • Arachnoid Cyst
    • Ataxia-Telangectasia
    • ATRT: Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor
    • AVM: Arteriovenous Malformation
    • Bacteria
    • Balo's Concentric Sclerosis
    • BA: Basilar Artery
    • Behcet
    • Bell's Palsy
    • Beriberi
    • Black Widow Spider
    • Blue Rubber Bleb
    • Bone Hemangioma
    • Botulism
    • Brain Herniation
    • Brainstem Glioma - Medulla
    • Buerger's Thromboangitis Obliterans
    • Burst Fracture
    • Caput Medusa
    • Cardiac Arrhythmias
    • Cardiac Tamponade
    • Carotidynia
    • C1 - Atlas
    • C1 - C2
    • C2 - Axis / Odontoid / Dens
    • C5-6: Erb's Palsy
    • C3-C7 - Subaxial Cervical Spine
    • CN XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
    • CADASIL
    • Capillary Telangiectasia
    • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
    • Cardiac & Renal Drugs
    • Cardiac Risk Index
    • Carotid Stenosis
    • CCF: Carotid Cavernous Fistula
    • Cavernous Malformation
    • C. Diff: Clostridium difficile
    • Cerebral Autoregulation
    • Central Neuroblastoma
    • Central Neurocytoma
    • Cephalohematoma
    • Cerebrovascular Disease
    • Cerebral Abscess
    • Cerebral Arteries - Embryology
    • Cerebral Cortex - Frontal Lobe
    • Cerebral Edema
    • Cerebral Palsy / Spasticity
    • Cervical Spine Trauma
    • Cervical Degenerative Disease
    • Cervical Plexus
    • Chance Fracture
    • Chemical Vasculitis
    • Chemotherapy Drugs
    • Chiari Malformation
    • Cholesterol Granuloma
    • Cholinergic Crisis
    • Chordoma / Chondrosarcoma / Chondroid Chordoma
    • Choroid Plexus Papilloma / Carcinoma
    • Chromosomal Abnormalities
    • CIDP: Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
    • Classic Avellis Syndrome
    • Cleidocranial Dysostosis
    • CNS Lymphoma
    • CN II: Optic Nerve
    • CN III: Oculomotor Nerve
    • CN IV: Trochlear Nerve
    • CN VI: Abducens Nerve
    • CN VII Pathology
    • CN IX: Pathology
    • CN X: Vagal Nerve
    • Colloid Cyst
    • Coma
    • Complete Basilar Syndrome
    • Compression Fracture
    • Concussion
    • Congestive Heart Failure
    • Congenital Muscular Dystrophy / Walker-Marburg
    • Corneal Ulcer
    • Corpus Callosum Disconnection Syndromes
    • Corticobasal Degeneration
    • CST: Corticospinal Tract
    • Craniopharyngioma
    • Craniosynostosis
    • CRPS: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome / Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
    • CSF Leak
    • CY-P450 Drugs
    • DAI: Diffuse Axonal Injury
    • Dandy Walker / Dandy Walker Variant / Mega Cisterna Magna / Posteriro Fossa Arachnoid Cyst
    • DAVF: Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
    • DCML: Dorsal Columns Medial Lemniscus
    • Dejerine - Roussy / Thalamic Pain
    • Delirium
    • Dementia
    • Dementia Pugilistica
    • Denervation Hypersensitivity
    • Dermal Sinus Tract
    • Dermoid Cyst
    • Developmental Ventricle Abnormalities
    • Devic's / Neuromyelitis Optica
    • DPL: Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
    • DIC: Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation
    • DIG: Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma
    • DIPG: Diffuse Infiltrative Pontine Glioma / Pontine Glioma / Brainstem Glioma
    • Diphtheria
    • DISH: Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
    • DNET: Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor
    • Dopamine
    • DVST: Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis
    • Duret Hemorrhage
    • Dystonia
    • ECA Stenosis
    • Eclampsia
    • Ectopic Neurohypophysis
    • EDH: Epidural Hematoma
    • EEG / Sleep
    • Electrolytes -Ca, P
    • Embolic Stroke
    • EMG: Electromyogram
    • Encephalopathy
    • Encephaloceles / Cephalocele
    • Empty Sella Syndrome
    • Enteric Nervous System
    • Enterogenous Cyst
    • Enuresis
    • Ependymoma / Ependymoblastoma
    • Epidural Abscess
    • Epidermoid Cyst
    • Epidural Lipomatosis
    • Esthesioneuroblastoma
    • Ethics
    • Ewing's Sarcoma
    • Fahr's Disease
    • Failed Back Syndrome
    • Familial Periodic Paralysis
    • Fat Embolism
    • Fibrous Dysplasia
    • Fibromuscular Dysplasia
    • Foix Syndrome
    • Folate / Methionine / Homocysteine / Vitamin B 12
    • Foramen Magnum Meningioma
    • Foster Kennedy Syndrome
    • Fracture - Dislocation
    • Freidrich's Ataxia
    • Frontal Sinus Fracture
    • FSH / LH
    • Fungus
    • GABA
    • Gait
    • Ganglioglioma / Gangliocytoma
    • Garcin's Hemibasal Syndrome
    • GBM: Glioblastoma Multiforme
    • Gemistocytic Astrocytoma
    • Germ Cell Tumors
    • Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
    • Giant Arachnoid Granulations
    • Giant Cell Pituitary Granuloma
    • GI Bleed
    • Gliomatosis Cerebri
    • Gliosarcoma / Feigin Tumor
    • Glutamate
    • Glycine, Renshaw Cell
    • Glycogen Storage Diseases
    • Gradenigo's Syndrome
    • GH: Growth Hormone
    • Gunshot Wound
    • Hallervorden-Spatz
    • Headache
    • Head Injury
    • Hemangioblastoma / VHL: Von Hippel Lindau
    • Hemangiopericytoma
    • Heme Drugs
    • Hemiballismus
    • Hemifacial Spasm
    • Hirschsprung's
    • High Intracranial Pressure
    • Histology Stains
    • HMSN: Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathies / Onion Bulb / Hypertrophic / Peroneal muscular atrophy
    • HNP: Herniated Nucleus Propopus
    • Holoprosencephaly
    • Horizontal Gaze
    • HTN: Hypertension
    • Huntington's Disease
    • Hydrancephaly
    • Hydromyelia
    • Hyperostosis Frontalis
    • Hypothalamic Hamartoma
    • Hypothermia
    • Hypothyroid
    • ICA - Persistent Fetal Circulation
    • ICP Monitoring
    • Immunohistochemistry
    • Infectious Vasculitis
    • Intracranial HYPERtension / Pseudotumor Cerebri
    • Intracranial HYPOtension
    • IVH: Intraventricular Hemorrhage
    • Ion Channels
    • IPH: Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
    • Irregular Central Breathing
    • Ischemic Pathology
    • Ischemic Stroke
    • Isolated 4th Ventricle
    • Jacod's Syndrome
    • JPA: Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma
    • Jugular Foramen Syndromes: Vernet, Collet-Sicard, Villarett
    • Jump Facet
    • K: Potassium
    • Kawasaki
    • Kernicterus
    • Kippel-Trenaunay-Weber
    • Klippel-Fiel
    • Lacunar Stroke
    • Lambert Eaton
    • Landau-Kleffner
    • Langerhan's Histiocytosis X
    • Lateral Recess Syndrome
    • Leber Hereditary Optic Atrophy
    • Leprosy
    • Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
    • Leukodystrophies
    • Lewy Body Dementia
    • Lhermitte-Duclos
    • Lipoma
    • Lipomyelomeningocele
    • Lissencephaly
    • Locked In
    • Low Grade Diffuse Astrocytoma / Fibrillary Astrocytoma
    • Lowe Syndrome (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal Syndrome)
    • Luckenschadel
    • Lumbar Degenerative Disease
    • Lupus / SLE
    • Lymphocytic Hypophysitis
    • Lysosomal Storage Diseases
    • Malignant Hyperthermia
    • Maple Syrup Urine Disease
    • Mannitol
    • Median Nerve: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
    • Medulla
    • Medulloblastoma
    • Melatonin
    • MEN: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
    • Menke's Kinky Hair Disease
    • Meniere's Disease
    • Meningioma
    • Meningitis
    • Meningioangiomatosis
    • Metastasis
    • Methanol Poisoning
    • Microglia
    • Micturation Syncope
    • Mg: Magnesium
    • MG: Myasthesnia Gravis
    • MI: Myocardial Infarction
    • Mitochondrial Diseases
    • Mononeuritis Multiplex
    • Moya Moya
    • MRI - Study for Disease
    • MS: Multiple Sclerosis
    • MTS: Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
    • Mucopolysaccharidases
    • Multiple Myeloma / Plasmacytoma
    • Muscular Dystrophy
    • Musculocutaneous Nerve
    • Multi-Infarct Dementia
    • Myotonic Dystrophy / Myotonia
    • Myositis
    • Na: Hyponatremia
    • Na: Hypernatremia
    • NAHT: Non-Acciddental Head Trauma
    • Narcolepsy
    • NCS / EMG Examples
    • NCS: Nerve Conduction Studies
    • NE: Norepinephrine
    • Necrotizing Fascitis
    • Neuroepithelial Cyst
    • Neurofibroma / MPNST: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
    • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
    • Neuropathy
    • NF1: Neurofibromatosis Type I
    • NF2: Neurofibromatosis Type 2
    • Nisseria Meningitis
    • Nocardia
    • Nodular Heterotopia
    • NPH: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
    • Nystagmus
    • O-C1
    • Occipital Neuralgia
    • Olfactory Groove Meningioma
    • Oligodendroglioma
    • Oligodendrocytes
    • Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy
    • Opioids
    • OPLL: Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
    • Optic Glioma
    • Orbit
    • Orbital Pseudotumor
    • Osteochondroma
    • Osteogenesis Imperfecta
    • Osteoid Osteoma
    • Osteoma
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Osteopetrosis
    • Osteosarcoma
    • Otalgia
    • Oxygen
    • OWR - HHT: Osler Weber Rendu / Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
    • Palatopharyngeal Paralysis of Avellis
    • Paget's Disease
    • Pancoast Tumor
    • Paraganglioma / Glomus Jugulare / Chemodectoma
    • Paramedian Diencephalic Syndrome
    • Paraneoplastic Syndromes
    • Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis
    • Parasites
    • Parietal Foramina
    • Parietal Lesion
    • Parkinson's Disease
    • Parsonage-Turner
    • Pars Fracture
    • PCom Aneurysm
    • PE: Pulmonary Embolism
    • Pediatric Stroke
    • Peds Specific Vitals, Fluids, Blood Volume
    • Perineuroma
    • Peripheral Nerve
    • Periventricular Leukomalacia
    • Pick's Disease
    • Pineal Cell Tumors
    • Pineal Cyst
    • Pituitary Adenoma
    • Pituitary Apoplexy
    • Posterior Vertebral Body Scalloping
    • Pons
    • Pupillary Light Reflex
    • PNA: Pneumonia
    • PNET: Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
    • Poisons
    • Polyarteritis Nodosa
    • Polymicrogyri
    • Porencephaly
    • Postherpetic Neuralgia
    • PCA: Posterior Cerebral Artery
    • PRES: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
    • Pressors
    • Primary Autonomic Insufficiency
    • Prions
    • Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
    • Prolactin
    • Protoplasmic Astrocytoma
    • Pseudolaminar Necrosis
    • Psych Drugs
    • PXA: Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
    • PTX: Pneumothorax
    • Pulmonary Edema
    • Radiation Necrosis
    • Raeder's
    • Rasmussen's Encephalitis
    • Rathke's Cleft Cyst
    • Respiratory Meds
    • Retinitis Pigmentosa
    • Retinoblastoma
    • Rexed Laminae
    • Rhabdomyolysis
    • Right Heart Failure
    • Rubrospinal Tract
    • Sacral Agenesis / Caudal Regression
    • Sacral Fractures
    • Sacral Meningocele
    • Sarcoidosis
    • Schizencephaly
    • Schwannoma
    • Schilder's
    • Scoliosis
    • Saethre-Chotzen
    • SAH: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    • SDH: Subdural Hematoma
    • SEGA: Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
    • Seizures
    • 5HT: Serotonin
    • Sheehan's Syndrome
    • Shock
    • Shunt Malfunction / Infection
    • Shy Drager
    • Sinus Pericranii
    • Skull Fracture
    • SMA: Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome
    • Spasticity
    • Speech
    • Spina Bifida / Neural Tube Defect
    • Spinal Cord Injuries
    • Spinal Cord Stroke
    • Spinal Epidural Abscess
    • Spinal Epidural Hematoma
    • Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
    • Spine Anatomy - Degenerative Disease
    • Spine Aneurysms
    • Spine Fractures
    • Spine Vasculature
    • Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy / Kennedy's Disease
    • Spinoreticular
    • Spinal Tectal Tract
    • Split Cord Malformation / Diastematomyelia
    • Strep Pneumoniae
    • Striatonigral Degeneration
    • STT: Spinothalamic Tract
    • Sturge-Weber Syndrome
    • Subclavian Steal
    • Subdural Empyema
    • Subependymoma
    • Sural Nerve Biopsy
    • Stargardt's Disease
    • Stevens Johnson
    • Stiff Man Syndrome
    • Stimulants
    • Syncope
    • Synovial Cyst
    • Syphillis
    • Syrinx / Synringomyelia
    • Statistics
    • Takayasu's Arteritis
    • Taste: CN VII, IX, X
    • TectoSpinal Tract
    • Temporal Arteritis
    • Tetanus
    • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
    • Thoracic Spondylosis
    • Thrombotic Stroke
    • Thyroid
    • TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack
    • Tethered Cord
    • TORCH
    • TIMI Score
    • Spinous Process Fracture / Transverse Process Fracture
    • TPN: Total Parenteral Nutrition
    • Traumatic IPH
    • Traumatic Neuroma
    • Trigeminal Neuralgia
    • Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
    • TS: Tuberous Sclerosis
    • Tolosa-Hunt
    • Transfusion Reaction
    • Tremor
    • Ulnar Nerve
    • Ultrasound
    • Upper Extremity Exam / Brachial Plexus
    • Uremic neuropathy
    • Vagoglossopharyngeal Neuralgia
    • Vertebral Basilar Insufficiency
    • Vertical Gaze
    • VOGM: Vein of Galen Malformation
    • VOR: Vestibulo-Ocular-Reflex
    • Venous Air Embolism
    • Vestibulospinal Tract
    • Ventilator
    • Viruses
    • Eye / Retina
    • VWD: Von Willebrand's Disease
    • Wegener's Granulomatosis
    • Whipple's Disease
    • Wilson's Disease
    • Wormian Bones
    • Wound Healing
    • Wyburn - Mason
    • Zollinger-Ellison
  • Questions

Ventricles



Picture

LATERAL VENTRICLE
  • Divided into 3 parts (thinnest sites in wall): 
    • Body
      • Loc: b/w body of the fornix and the thalamus
      • Opening: velum interpositum and third ventricle
    • Atrial 
      • Loc: atrium of the lateral ventricle b/w crus of the fornix and pulvinar
      • Open: posterior ambient cistern, quadrigeminal cistern, pineal region
    • Temporal horn
      • Loc: b/w the fimbria of the fornix and the lower surface of the thalamus
      • Opening: ambient and crural cisterns
  • Choroidal fissure
    • Fx: site of attachment of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle
    • Loc: b/w fornix and thalamus in the medial part of the lateral ventricle
Picture

FORAMEN OF MONROE

THIRD VENTRICLE
Picture

SYLVIAN AQUEDUCT

FOURTH VENTRICLE
Picture
Picture
Picture
1. Substantia ferruginea 
2. Facial colliculus
3. Striae medullares*
4. Vestibular area
5. Hypoglossal triangle
6. Vagal triangle 
7. Calamus scriptorius 
Inferior: Obex
Stria medullaris: fibers originating from the arcuate nucleus in the medulla which are situated in front of the medullary pyramids. They receive contralateral projections from the cortex/corticospinal tract and send efferents through 2 paths (external) and internal arcuatocerebellar (aka stria medullares) thru the inferior cerebella peduncle.  


QUIZ